KVM on Linux Mint 18

I’ve been running Koha on Debian 8 in a VMware Workstation virtual machine, to test it prior to deployment on Linode for a real library. Yesterday I decided to investigate running this VM in KVM, the native Linux virtualization system that is used at Linode. The conversion went well on both Linux Mint 17 and 18. What follows are the steps I used on Mint 18 (Mate edition).

Installation

First, install the necessary packages to use KVM via a user-friendly GUI:

sudo apt-get install virt-manager libvirt-bin
sudo apt-get install qemu-system gir1.2-spice-client-gtk-3.0

Then add yourself to the libvirtd group:

sudo usermod -a -G libvirtd $USER

Convert virtual disk

If your Workstation virtual disk is split into multiple files, you’ll need to convert it to a single file. In this example, I had a multi-file virtual disk whose configuration file was Debian.vmdk. I converted this using:

vmware-vdiskmanager -r Debian8.vmdk -t 0 DebianKVM.vmdk

Then you’ll need to convert this disk to a form that can be used by KVM. In this example, I used:

qemu-img convert DebianKVM.vmdk -O qcow2 DebianKVM.qcow2

Now you can run virt-manager from the Menu. Create a new virtual machine, select “Import existing disk image”, and at the next step, specify the path to the qcow2 disk image that you just created (DebianKVM.qcow2 in this example).

Fixed IP address

The following network-related steps are optional.

KVM provides an IP address to the VM via DHCP, but that address could change, depending on whether other VMs are also in use. If your VM contains a server that you wish to access from the host, it helps to lock down the VM to a fixed IP address.

After booting the VM, log into it and discover its MAC address using:

ip a | grep ether

You should see something like this:

link/ether 52:54:00:a4:37:19 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

The MAC address is the first of the two colon-separated sets of hex numbers, in this case 52:54:00:a4:37:19.

Back on the host, use this command to edit the KVM network configuration:

virsh net-edit default

An editor will run on the network configuration, with contents that look something like this:

<network>
  <name>default</name>
  <uuid>8311c6cc-f2fe-4618-bcf8-fe15167ac643</uuid>
  <forward mode='nat'/>
  <bridge name='virbr0' stp='on' delay='0'/>
  <mac address='52:54:00:66:1b:8d'/>
  <ip address='192.168.122.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'>
    <dhcp>
      <range start='192.168.122.2' end='192.168.122.254'/>
    </dhcp>
  </ip>
</network>

In the dhcp section, change the range start to 192.168.122.20, and insert a line like the following after the range start line:

      <host mac='52:54:00:a4:37:19' name='kvm' ip='192.168.122.11'/>

Be sure to change the MAC address to the one you determined earlier using ip a in the VM, and choose an IP address that is below the DHCP range start. The resulting configuration should look like this:

<network>
  <name>default</name>
  <uuid>8311c6cc-f2fe-4618-bcf8-fe15167ac643</uuid>
  <forward mode='nat'/>
  <bridge name='virbr0' stp='on' delay='0'/>
  <mac address='52:54:00:66:1b:8d'/>
  <ip address='192.168.122.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'>
    <dhcp>
      <range start='192.168.122.20' end='192.168.122.254'/>
      <host mac='52:54:00:a4:37:19' name='kvm' ip='192.168.122.11'/>
    </dhcp>
  </ip>
</network>

After exiting the editor, restart the virtual network using:

virsh net-destroy default
virsh net-start default

In the VM, restart the network services to obtain a new IP address, or reboot the VM to be on the convervative side. In the VM, use the ifconfig command to verify that the new IP address is the one that you configured earlier in the “host mac” line.

Now you can access your VM from the host using the new IP address. To avoid having to memorize that address and type it everywhere, add a line like the following to /etc/hosts (as root, of course):

192.168.122.11  kvm.example.com

If your situation is more complex (e.g., if you have more than one virtual network), this posting may help.